Native Americans of Mixed Tribes
In the mid 1700's the Saponi Confederacy became a mix of many remnant tribes centered around Fort Christianna just east of Mecklinburg Co. in Va. This is were our GREEN family originated from.
Greens are found on the council of the Haliwa-Saponi even today. The "Saponi" Confederacy was a collection of Powhaton/Pamunkey, as in the Bollings,etc., Machapunga/Secotan, as in the Ammons, etc., Monacans/Mohetons, Meherrins/Conestogas (who lived just across the Meherrin River north of Ft. Christanna), Occaneechies, Catawba, Cheraw/Sara, and others. It was quite a collection of three different language groups. Most "Saponis" today only claim their Siouan ancestry. The Appomattocks were also attacked during Bacon's Rebellion. Their village was destroyed and many were killed, but many scattered, found refuge and were assimilated.
OCCANEECHI, SAPONI, AND TUTELO of the SAPONI NATION: THE PIEDMONT CATAWBA
Written and Complied by Richard Haithcock and Vicky Haithcock
Identifying todays Occaneechi, Saponi and Tutelo of the Saponi Nation and Piedmont-Catawba Core family names: example, Haithcock may have evolved in 1673 from Indian John Hasecoll / Hasecott to Hayscock / Hesscot in 1728 to Haithcock, Hethcock to Haith, Hathcock arid Heathcock to present.
THE Saponi Nation consist primarily of the Saponi arid the Piedmont-Catawba, Tutelo and the surviving Occaneechi from Bacon's Rebellion, Fort Christianna arid Junntapurse.
Their ancestoral names are:
Jeffries
Stewart
Scott
Chavis
Buck
Teteli
Hays
Corn
Guy
Watkins
Day
Branham
Jones
Haith
Haithcock
Burnett
Griffen
Oakey
Goings
Collins
Gibson
Bunch
Poythress
Whitmore
Mayo
Bullen
Harris
Coker
Parker
Pettiford
Liggins.
They can be found in Greensville, Brunswick, Halifax and Mecklenburg Counties, Virginia; Caswell, Orange, Alamance, Cabarrus, Stanly, Person, Granville, Halifax, Randolph and Northampton Counties,
North Carolina and in Ross, Lawrence, Gallia, Highland, Jackson, Fayette, Greene and Pike Counties, Ohio and Hamilton, Vigo, Randolph Co.'s,
Indiana and in Cass Co., Michigan.
Eno-Occaneechi Indians are part of the Sapooi flation. They are the descendents of the Occaneechi who survived Bacons rebellion of 1676, and those who settled in Fort Christianna in Virginia along with the Tutelo and Saponi Indians forming the Saponi Nation in 1713. The core family names are:
Jefferies
Haith
Goings
Collins
Bunch
Gibson
Haithcock
Liggons
Stewart
Harris
Jones
Guy
Corn
Whitmore
Watkins
Hays
Pettiford
Scott
Burnett
Parker
Chavis
Tribal Chief of the Occaneechi Indian Tribe is Chief Joel Bass/Chief Early Eagle, they have family in Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, Indiana and Michigan.
Indians with Saponi origins have the surnames:
Chavis
Braveboy
Ransome
Burnett
Gibson
Austin
Hammons
Mayo
Coins
Collins
Revells
Scott
Guy
Sweat
Taborn
Payne
Green
Bullen
Brewer
Simmons.
They shared Occaneechi-Saponi origins, before amalgamating with other tribes forming the Lumbee Nation.
See Material on Saponi-Powhatans/aka Meulungines.
Collins
Gibson
Coings
Coins
Coens
Bunch.
The Moncans also known historically as the Saponi, Tutelo, Occaneechi and Monacan by Capt. John Smith at Jamestown, Virginia. The Monacans shared the same ancestoral past as the Saponi. Monacan Core family names are:
Hicks
Redcross
Johns
Beverly
Branham.
1705 - Virginia
Explicit legal (statutory) definitions of the term "Mulatto" are surprisingly few in the colonial period. General usage will be examined below, but first it is necessary to review those explicit references which do exist. We shall begin with Virginia, because that colony is thought to have exercised considerable influence on other areas. In 1705 Virginia prohibited any "negro, mulatto, or Indian" from holding any public office.
The act further stated: and for clearing all manner of doubts Which hereafter may happen to arise upon the construction of this act, or any other act, who shall be accounted a mulatto: be it (etc.), that the child of an Indian, and the child, grandchild, or great grandchild or a negro shall be deemed, accounted, held, and taken to be a mulatto. In other words, an
American-European mixed-blood was defined as a mulatto, along with all part-Africans to the one-eighth degree. This statute apparently remained unmodified until 1785 when it was enacted that all persons with "one-fourth or more Negro blood shall...be deemed a mulatto". This remained
The legal definition until 1866 when it was modified: "Every person having one-fourth or more Negro blood shall be deemed a colored person, and every person
Not a colored person having one-fourth or more Indian blood shall be deemed an Indian." This use of "colored person" must be considered in relation to an 1860 statute using "mulatto" for persons of one-fourth African descent and making "negro" and "mulatto" equivalent in all statutes. It would appear, then, that from 1705 until 1866 the only legal definition applying to mixed native Americans (excepting those having one-fourth or more African ancestry) was that of 1705. Thus we might at first glance construe that a mixed American-European was legally a mulatto if of one-half or more American blood until that statute of 1866 making such persons "Indians".
All American-African mixed bloods remained mulattoes throughout the period, unless having less than one-eighth African ancestry (1705-85) or less than one-quarter African ancestry (1785-1910). After 1910 Virginia reclassified large numbers of persons by extending the "colored" category to include people with minute amounts of African ancestry.
1753 -Various tax list for Orange Co., N.C. include several families - surnames of mulattoes such as:
Bunch
Gibson
Collins
Goings
approximately 30 Saponi lived in Granville Co., N.C. in 1755. I Refer to the surname list of Grainger and Hawkins Co's., Tennessee.
OCCANEECHI-SAPONI and others recorded on the Pittsyvania Co,VA. Tax List of 1782-1785; many of these moved into the Carolinas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Missouri Territory, etc.
David Harris
Henry Mitchell
Joseph Harris
John Bird
Charles Oakes
Thomas Payne
Isaiah Watkins
William Payne
William Oakes
James George
James Oakes
John George
Ellinor Norton
Thos. Wynne
William Watkins
John Wynne
James Read
Robert Wynne
James Burnett
Seth Going
William Read
James Colley
Henry Burnett
Nathan Jones
Gilbert Burnett
John Watkins
Ben Terry
Nimrod Scott
Gedion Ragland
Moses Ayres
Michael Mitchell
Wm. York
Bartlett Colley
Gideon Ragland
Mathew Wynn
Peter Martin
Nelly Norton
John Craddock
Jacob Norton
Thomas Lester
Peyton Wade
James Mitchell
Killian Kreek
John McGeehee
Joseph Austen
John Stewart
Thomas Gibson
Martha Stewart
James Brewer
John Watkins
Henry Rawlins
Julius Gibson
Thomas Johns
Hugh Mahoon
Jacob Cooley
John Bolling
Anne Roane
Robert Payne
Thomas Collins
Samuel Harris
Wm. Pigg
Peyton Wade
Ann Pigg
James Walker
Hezakiab Pigg
Wm. Parker
Wm. Oakes
Ben Henson
James Oakes
Wm. Henson
Jno Cummins
James Mitchell
Isaih Watkins
Elisha Walker
Samuel Lewis
Edward Wade
Daniel Collins
John Lawson
James Dear
Jonas Lawson
Joseph Dear
John Martin
Wm. Lawson
Nath'l. Thacker
Daniel Oakes
Joseph Thacker
James Mitchell
Edmund Payne
Hugh Reynolds
Phill Payne
Joseph Reynolds
Reubin Pain
Elisha Walker
Thomas Collins
Suffiah Going
William Mitchell
Sherwood Toney
1780 - Virginia
In Virginia one finds that all of the Indians of the central tidewater counties were classified as "M", including the residents of the Pamunkey and Mattaponi reservations, with a few exceptions in King William
County where, one or two were classified as "B". (The "B" should be placed in context,since early Virginia tax-rolls (such as those of the 1780s) Divided all
tithable persons between "white souls" and "black souls". The term "black" or "B" is, therefore, open to various interpretations.)
In the same year there is testimony from the Robeson County attorney before a Congressional committee in which he says that "the Mulattoes" of Robeson, as he termed the Lumbees, "were a mixture of Cherokee and Portuguese"
The situation historically in North Carolina tax records and other document is summarized by Robert K. Thomas as follows (for the Lumbee people):
Mostindividuals are listed most commonly as Mulattoes. In that time in North Carolina the legal category Mulatto meant having one white parent and one non-white parent. The non-white parents could be either Indian or Negro. Some individuals in these families are listed as white, a few are listed as black, and occasionally an individual is listed as an Indian.... this meant full-blood Indian... .by definition, a mixed-blood Indian would be a Mulatto.
1830 - Tennessee
A similar situation existed in Tennessee where the so-called Melungeon people (probably Saponi-Powhatan) of Hawkins, Grainger and nearby counties were often classed as 'free colored" and mulatto, but occasionally also as white.
Saponi, Tutelo, Catawba and others in Montgomery County, New York, 1790
Jno Sweet
Ezekel Scott
James Hadlock
Win. Buckland
Marcus Marsh
John Buckland
Nathan Lane
Daniel Parker
Anna Stewart
John Hadcock (Hathcock)
Elijah Mayo
Nath'l. Dodge
Ezra Eaton
Elijah Stackweather
Ebenezer Wyth
Phillip Paine
Anson Cary
Francis Commings
Nehemiah Crowfoot
Thomas Manly
Eziekel Croker
John Antes (Artes)
James Brink
Joseph Harris
Enos Tubbs
James Harris
Joab Enos
Parson Whitmore
Ebenezer Eaton
Oliver Collins
Daniel Hawks
Samuel Collins
Seth Allen
Rice Hawley
John Hitchins
Amos Whitmore
Marshall Kyes
Ansel White
Isaac Puffer
John Eno
Samuel Oaks
Elisha Kane
Caleb Sweet
Joshua Paine
James McKeil
Benj. Case
Philip Helmer
Samuel Thorne
John Shaves
Adam 'rum (Tom)
Win. Y. Thtle
Henry Haze (Hayes)
Win. Fagan
Daniel Headcock (Heathcock)
Abijah Enos
David Scott
John Ayres
Andrew Fact
Noah Hecock
Daniel Parker
Lodowick Jeffers
Peletiah Whitmore
Robert Stewart
Robert Harris
George Sheep
Daniel Harris
Jacob Link
Elijah Scott
Win. Harris
Nathan Lane
Abijah Fort
Noses Witt
Ebenezer Chivers
Josiah Drury
Seabury Brannan
Kirkland Griffen
David Bullen
Timithy Thttle
Nath'l. Griffin
Simeon Root
Asa Marsh
Samuel Tuttle
John Bullen
Nathl. Austen
1810 Occaneechi- Saponi Heads of Families and others
Patrick County, Virginia - 1810 census
James Boiling
William Corn
John A. Corn
Samuel Corn
John Corn Jr. (Mayo)
Elijah Collins
Marvel Boiling
Nancy Corn
Isham Craddock
James Craddock
George Corn
Thomas Craddock
Elisha Collins
John P. Corn
Wm. Collins
Daniel Collins
Jesse Corn
Ceaser Finley
Hezekiah Going
John Going Sr.
John Going Jr.
Stephen Going
Wrn. Going
1812 -
Wm. Going Jr.
Burbage Going
Tiliman Loggins
Cam Loggins
Abner Rickman
Wm. Rickman
Wm. Rickman, Sr.
Peter Rickman
Peter Rickman Sr.
John Rickman
Thomas Rickman Sr.
Thomas Rickman
John Strickland
Elijah Upthegrove
Richard Walden
WM. Waidron
Mose Walden
Grainger County , Tennessee - 1830
David Goan
Elisha Leffew
Elisha Lefew
Pryor Biba
Joseph Lefew
Henry Brownlow
Labina Lefew
Griffin Collins
Peter Jones
Milly Hall
Jacob Clonch
Peter Mathes
Condly Collins
John Goan
Dowel Collins
Thomas Goan
Lewis Collins
Nancy Goan
Encey Collins
Preston Goan
Hardin Collins
Fanny Goan
Andrew Collins
Edmund Bolen
Allen Collens
Ezekiel Bolen
Moses Collens
Shadrack Goan
Joseph Collens
Clabourn Goan
Larkin Collens
Edmund Bolen Sr.
Griffin Collens Sr.
Levi Collens
Isaac Maxwell
Hawkins County Tennessee - 1830
Andrew Bean
Allen Collins
Charles Bean
Simeon Collins
Betsy Coen
Jordan Gibson
Burton Cola
Polly Gibson
Thomas Hale
Jordan Gibson
Solomon Hale
Jonathan Gibson
John Collins
Jesse Gibson
Aaron Been
Vardy Collins
Fountain Goen
Timothy Williams
John Minor
George Goen
Zachariah Minor
William Nichols
Dicey Bowling
Mary Collins
Michael Bowling
Levi Collins
Wyatt Collins
Benjamin Collins
Charles Gibson
Benjamin Collins
Andrew Gibson
Edmund Collins
Martin Collins
Millenton Collins
James Collins
James Collins
James Mullens
Harvey Collins
Betsy Jones
Hardin Goen
Henry Moseley
Jordan Goodman
Edmund Goodman
Logan Co, Ohio - 1830 Census - Jefferson Township
Thomas Hill
James Tayborn
Elisha Bird
Rebekah Spears
Henry Newsom
Turner Bird
Peter Banks
John Newsom
Kichen Artes
Sterling Heathcock
Moss Steward
Logan Co, Ohio - 1830 Census - Zane Township
Miles Beard
Logan Co, Ohio - 1830 Census - Perry Township
Anthony Banks